Perched on a hill overlooking the vibrant city of Palma de Mallorca, Bellver Castle is one of Spain’s most unique and well-preserved Gothic-style fortresses. Built in the early 14th century for King James II of Mallorca, the castle’s distinctive circular design sets it apart from the traditional square or rectangular layouts typical of European castles. Today, Bellver Castle serves not only as a historical monument but also as a cultural hub, offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into Mallorca’s past and panoramic views of its present.
A Brief History
Construction of Bellver Castle began in 1300 under the orders of King James II, who sought to create a stronghold that would protect the Kingdom of Mallorca, a vassal state of the Crown of Aragon. The castle’s name, Bellver, means “beautiful view” in Catalan, a fitting tribute to its location atop a wooded hill 112 meters above sea level, overlooking the Bay of Palma.
The castle’s design is the brainchild of architect Pere Salvà, who also contributed to the construction of the Royal Palace of La Almudaina. Bellver Castle is renowned for its circular layout, a rare architectural feature in European fortifications. The central courtyard is also circular, surrounded by a two-story gallery with semi-circular arches. Four large towers protrude from the circular structure, including one, the Torre del Homenaje, that stands independently, connected by a bridge.
Over the centuries, Bellver Castle has played various roles in Mallorca’s history. It was initially a royal residence but later became a military prison, most notably during the War of Spanish Succession and the Spanish Civil War. The castle’s prison cells have held political prisoners and rebels, including the writer Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, who was confined here for six years.
Architecture and Design
Bellver Castle’s architectural style is an excellent example of Gothic architecture with a unique circular twist. The castle’s thick walls, punctuated by arrow slits and battlements, reflect its original defensive purpose. Despite its robust exterior, the interior features graceful arches, ribbed vaults, and intricate stone carvings, demonstrating the elegance of Gothic design.
The castle’s most striking feature is its circular form. The central courtyard, surrounded by a two-tiered arcade, is at the heart of the structure. The lower arcade, with its robust semicircular arches, contrasts with the more delicate pointed arches of the upper level, a classic Gothic element. The three main towers are integrated into the circular structure, while the Torre del Homenaje stands apart, symbolizing the king’s power and authority.
From the rooftop, visitors can enjoy 360-degree views of Palma, the Serra de Tramuntana mountains, and the sparkling Mediterranean Sea. The castle’s strategic location allowed for surveillance of both land and sea, crucial for defending the island from invaders.
The Castle Today: A Cultural Landmark
Today, Bellver Castle is one of Palma de Mallorca’s top tourist attractions. Managed by the Palma City Council, it houses the city’s History Museum, which offers a comprehensive overview of Palma’s development from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum’s exhibits include archaeological finds, medieval artifacts, and models of the city throughout different historical periods.
The castle also hosts a variety of cultural events, including classical music concerts, art exhibitions, and festivals. The open-air courtyard, with its excellent acoustics, is a popular venue for performances, particularly during the summer months.
Bellver Castle’s blend of history, architecture, and culture makes it a must-visit destination in Mallorca. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for breathtaking views of the island, the castle offers something for everyone. A walk through its ancient halls and towers provides a tangible connection to the past, while its ongoing cultural programs keep it firmly rooted in the present.
Visiting Bellver Castle
Bellver Castle is easily accessible from Palma’s city center, either by car, bus, or a scenic hike through the surrounding forest. The castle is open to the public year-round, with guided tours available in several languages. After exploring the castle, visitors can relax in the nearby park or enjoy a picnic while taking in the views of the city and the sea.
For those interested in Mallorca’s rich history and stunning landscapes, Bellver Castle is an unmissable landmark that captures the essence of the island’s cultural heritage.
